What is the maximum allowable angular closure for Urban and Subdivision Property Surveys (Category I)?

For Urban and Subdivision Property Surveys categorized as Category I, the maximum allowable angular closure is established as a function of the number of angles turned, using a formula that accounts for accuracy in the survey. The correct answer reflects the standard industry practice, which is to apply a stringent guideline to ensure that surveys remain reliable and precise.

In this case, the formula "fifteen seconds times the square root of the number of angles turned" is correct. This standard is designed to enhance the overall precision of the survey by limiting the potential error that can accumulate with each angle measurement. The use of the square root reflects the statistical principle that as the number of angles increases, the potential for accumulating angular errors also increases, thus requiring a more stringent closure criterion to maintain survey accuracy.

Other answers propose varying thresholds that do not align with the industry requirements for this classification of surveys. These options either suggest a more lenient standard for angular closure or incorrectly assert the methodology causing inaccuracy in defining the constraints of acceptable error. Using the fifteen seconds standard ensures that survey results are both reliable and consistent with the best practices in land surveying and helps to uphold the integrity of property boundaries in urban and subdivision contexts.