What is differential leveling in surveying?

Differential leveling is specifically a surveying method used to determine the differences in elevation between points. This process involves measuring vertical distances using a horizontal line of sight, ensuring accuracy and precision. The surveyor typically uses a leveling instrument, such as a level or total station, and a graduated staff to establish a reference point and then measure the elevation of various other points relative to that baseline.

This technique is fundamental not only for construction and engineering projects but also for various applications in geodesy, land surveying, and civil engineering, as it provides critical information necessary for planning and executing projects that require precise elevation data. The method's emphasis on maintaining a horizontal sight line helps to eliminate errors caused by terrain undulations and atmospheric conditions, making it a reliable choice for determining the relative heights of points over a distance.