According to the text, what may be established with or without monumentation at the Land Surveyor's discretion?

The correct answer is focused on survey points that do not divide land ownership. This is significant because it acknowledges the role of the surveyor's discretion in establishing reference points that guide the surveying process, even in the absence of physical markers or monumentation. Such survey points serve as a means of documenting and verifying boundaries, layouts, and measurements for various purposes, but they do not inherently alter ownership rights or land divisions.

Survey points that do not divide land ownership can be critical for planning and conducting further surveys, property management, or regulatory compliance. They can help in delineating areas for development, environmental assessments, or infrastructure projects without impacting the legal boundaries of property ownership. The flexibility indicated gives surveyors the ability to perform their duties effectively, ensuring that essential points are established for future use while adhering to professional standards.

In contrast, land boundaries, buildings and structures, or right-of-ways typically require specific considerations related to ownership rights, zoning regulations, and legal descriptions, often necessitating physical monumentation to clearly define these elements in relation to property ownership.